摘要:托福听力一部分包含十三大听力标准，主要是依据听力的内容及其文章内容架构的合理布局。除此之外，依据这十三种听力标准，可以方斌学生掌握听力文章内容的文章内容和逻辑性，及其ETS针对听力一部分的考察关键。十三大听力标准可以协助学生*地精准定位听力关键点，进而在*内内，*精准定位回答。接下去，我和大伙…
托福听力一部分包含十三大听力标准，主要是依据听力的内容及其文章内容架构的合理布局。除此之外，依据这十三种听力标准，可以方斌学生掌握听力文章内容的文章内容和逻辑性，及其ETS针对听力一部分的考察关键。十三大听力标准可以协助学生*地精准定位听力关键点，进而在*内内，*精准定位回答。接下去，我和大伙儿共享托福听力十三大标准之开头标准。
*部分：听力开头方法
托福听力包含会话和讲座两一部分内容，针对会话和讲座的开头方法并不相同，下边各自介绍一下托福听力开头一部分的方法。
1、会话：老师和学生或是是工作员的顺序
1)学员先开口说：学员先开口，便会阐述难题的内容，直接进入主题;
2)学员未开口，教师先说一件事或一个难题;
3)学员来交一个原材料，教师明确提出此外的一些难题;
4)老师和学生用了很*内解决了一个学员难题，学员又问了此外的难题。
2、讲座：主要是老师教授或是教师对于一个话题讨论深入探讨
1)课堂教学回望式
2)直入主题式
3)情况引入式
4)寒暄跑题式
第二一部分：听力讲座四种开头方法
1)课堂教学回望
TPO1-L3
OK, we've been talking about early agriculture in the near east. So let's concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it.
OK. In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers...Today well continue talking about useful fibers, and we'll begin with a fiber that's commonly known as "Manila hemp."
大伙儿能够注意到字体加粗一部分的内容，是对于课程内容或是课堂教学内容的回望。课堂教学回望是大家听关键的一个提醒罢了，我们要关心的是后面的内容，也就是“本堂课”要留意的内容。
课堂教学回望式普遍关键环节：
时态：一般过上好日子时或是是现在完成时、如今完成进行时
关键字：in the last class, today, now, talk about, but.
2)直入主题式
TPO 18-L1
OK, today we are going to start a study of sunspot today
Ok, now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set of defense mechanisms.
直入主题的开头方法，必须学生集中注意力听讲座的内容，不必错过了听力的合理信息内容。
直入主题式普遍关键环节：
时态：一般现在时或是将来时
直入主题式普遍关键字：now, want to talk about,
3)情况引入式
OG-test 2-L4
We've been looking at colossal statues―works of exceptionally huge size―and their essentially public role, in commemorating a political or religious figure. How some of these statues date back thousands of years... like the statues of the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt―which you can still visit today... and how others, though surviving only in legend, have fired the imagination of writers and artists right up to our own time, such as the Colossus of Rhodes, that 110-foot statue of the Greek god Helios. Remember, this same word, "colossus”一 which means a giant or larger-than-life-size statue―is what today’s term "colossal” derives from. Now, it was one thing to build such statues, at an equally colossal cost, when the funds were being allocated by ancient kings and pharaohs. But if we're going to think about modern-day colossal statues, we need to reexamine more closely their role as social and political symbols―in order to understand why a society today―a society of free, tax-paying citizens―would agree to allocate so much of its resources to erecting them.
情况引入式的开头方法，是听力讲座，尤其是*类讲座的一个关键特性。为了更好地引出来讲座的主题，老师教授会在一开始的情况下，先将一下有关的情况，由浅入深地区入。
情况引入式普遍关键环节：
时态：一般现在时或是过去时
4)寒暄跑题式
TPO2-Lecture2
Hi, everyone. Good to see you all today. Actually, I expected the population to be a lot lower today. It typically runs between 50 and 60 percent on the day the research paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your exams back today, but, uh, the situation was that I went away for the weekend, and I was supposed to get in yesterday at five, and I expected to fully complete all the exams by midnight or so, which is the time that I usually go to bed, but my flight was delayed, and I ended up not getting in until one o'clock in the morning. Anyway, I," do my best to hove them finished by the next time we meet.
寒暄跑题式的开头方法较为符合国家的中华传统文化，起先客套话一番，随后才进到课程内容的关键内容或是是表述创作者的见解。在碰到这类难题的情况下，一定要留意分别是寒暄一部分，還是课程内容的内容一部分。
雅思考试托福备考toefl共享托福机经
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